What are the different types of counselling?
There are different types of counselling sometimes referred to as counselling modalities. Each modality has its own theory of human development and has its own way of working – many of the counsellors at the National Counselling Society practise ‘integrative’ counselling which means that they work from two or more different modalities to create the best treatment plan for you as an individual.
Some types of counsellors are directive – they will suggest things that you should do and may give you ‘homework’ exercises.
Other types of counsellors are non-directive – the client takes the lead in what is discussed. Here is a list of some of the different modalities – with a brief description. There are other types of counselling and if you need any further information do contact us using our Help page.
Behavioural therapy
Behavioural therapy is based on the theory that learnt behaviour can be unlearnt or changed, without focusing on the reasoning for the original behaviour. People with compulsive and obsessive disorders, fears, phobias and addictions may benefit from this type of therapy.
Cognitive analytical therapy
CAT explores a person’s language and thinking, and the link between historical, cultural and social factors on how we function. It encourages you to develop the skills to change destructive patterns of behaviour, and negative ways of thinking and acting. The therapy is short term (16 weeks), structured and directive.
Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)
CBT aims to change negative emotions that relate to a person’s inaccurate view of the events that happen. It helps you to explore your beliefs, thoughts and behaviours and helps you learn new ways of behaving and reacting. CBT is sometimes used with groups of people as well as individuals.
Family therapy
Family therapy explores family relationships. It works by looking at the family as a whole, rather than working with a single person within the family unit. The focus is on how families interact relationally together, and the therapist's aim is to engage the whole family in finding positive solutions.
Hypnotherapy
Hypnotherapy uses the technique of hypnosis to induce a deep state of relaxation during which the unconscious mind is highly receptive to new perspectives and ideas. Accessing this part of the mind through hypnosis can help you to change behaviour, attitudes and emotions, as well as manage pain, anxiety, stress-related illnesses and dysfunctional habits and promoting personal development. To find out more visit our partner organisation the National Hypnotherapy Society.
Neuro-linguistic programming (NLP)
The theory of NLP is broken down into three layers:
- Neuro: the establishment of our individual mental map of the world
- Linguistic: how we each assign personal meaning to the information
- Programming: Our behavioural response to the latter.
NLP techniques are often utilised to instigate change and enhance personal growth, development and performance.
Person-centred counselling
Person-centred counselling is based on the belief that a person seeking the solution to a problem can participate in an accepting non-judgmental relationship with the counsellor which will allow that person to express their emotions and feelings.
Person-centred counselling is for those who would like to address specific psychological habits or patterns of thinking. You are seen by the counsellor as having the best understanding of your own experience.
Psychoanalysis
Psychoanalysis deals with the exploration of the mind, using the knowledge of human behaviour. Unconscious patterns can be brought into awareness with a view to changing them. Your relationship with the analyst is important – as it can highlight your patterns of behaviour within relationships generally.
Psychodynamic psychotherapy
Psychodynamic psychotherapy focuses on the unconscious mind and past experiences, and explores their influence on current behaviour. You will be encouraged to talk about childhood relationships with parents and other significant people. As part of the therapy you may transfer and project deep feelings about yourself, parents and others onto the therapist.
Relationship counselling
Relationship counselling aims to enable people to recognise and manage differences and negative patterns within their relationships. The therapist will explore your feelings and how you communicate helping you find ways to change and adapt for a more positive future.
Solution-focused brief therapy
Solution-focused brief therapy focuses on a particular issue and promotes positive change, rather than dwelling on the issue or past problems. You are encouraged to focus positively on what you do well, your strengths and resources and to set goals to achieve the changes you want to make.